As part of the Interreg Aurora funded project “Our Precious Transboundary Waters”, researchers are expanding genetic studies of brown trout populations in the Pasvik River and Lake Inari. Hydropower dams have disrupted natural gene flow, making genetic monitoring essential for sustainable fisheries and biodiversity conservation and improvement of supportive breeding programs.
Over the past few months, most of the work has taken place in genetic laboratories. To shed light on this important part of the project a step-by-step PDF has been made that illustrates the laboratory workflow.
These genetic tools not only reveal population structure and adaptive traits but also guide practical actions for conservation. The knowledge gained helps improve management strategies, secure biodiversity, and foster long-term collaboration across borders.
Sample Storage and Preparation
Collected samples are stored under controlled conditions before analysis begins. Long-term storage is done in freezers at -20°C, while short-term storage uses refrigerators. This ensures DNA integrity for downstream analysis.
Figure 1: Sample storage conditions Figure 2: Sample pipetting
PCR – Amplifying DNA
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a laboratory technique used to rapidly amplify millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA segment. In this project, PCR machines amplify target DNA fragments, specifically microsatellites. Each locus is labeled with a fluorescent dye, allowing simultaneous analysis of multiple loci.
Figure 3: PCR setup
Microsatellite Analysis
Microsatellites are short, repeating DNA sequences that mutate quickly, making them ideal for studying genetic variation over short timescales. The ABI machine separates these fragments by size using capillary electrophoresis. This enables statistical analysis of sex, relatedness, and population differentiation.
Figure 4: ABI machine setup Figure 5: Microsatellite analysis using ABI machine
SNP Analysis
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are single-base changes in DNA that can reveal adaptive traits. Unlike microsatellites, SNPs help identify genetic differences linked to survival and environmental adaptation. Using the FLUIDIGM system, scientists can screen large numbers of samples efficiently, providing insights that support cross-border fisheries management.
Figure 6: SNP assay principle using FLUIDIGM system. Source: FLUIDIGM training material
You can learn more about the laboratory workflow in this Step-by-step slide show DNA microsatellite analysis
Get to know the project Our Precious Transboundary Waters
The project has been appointed as an Operation of Strategic Importance by the Interreg Aurora Programme. This means a project which provides a significant contribution to the achievement of the objectives of the Interreg Aurora Programme.
